The completely filled d orbitals count as core, not valence, electrons. For example, gallium (Ga, atomic number 31) has the electron configuration 4 s 23 d 10 4 p 1, which contains three valence electrons (underlined). The valence electrons for main group elements are those with the highest n level. This category includes all the nonmetallic elements, as well as many metals and the intermediate semimetallic elements.
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